Publications

Peer-reviewed research & writing

Selected articles, chapters, and public-facing pieces from the lab and its collaborators.

Featured work

Selected high-impact papers

PNAS · 2021

Associations between adolescent cannabis use and young-adult functioning in a national twin sample

Comparing twins who differed in adolescent cannabis use, much of cannabis's link to later mental health and cognition reflected shared family background — but links to lower educational and economic attainment persisted.

Schaefer, J. D., Hamdi, N. R., Malone, S., et al.

doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013180118
The Lancet Psychiatry · 2022

Sensitive periods in development and risk for psychiatric disorders

A systematic review of 118 studies finding that, despite the popular 'sensitive periods' idea, research has not yet pinpointed when in childhood maltreatment most raises psychiatric risk.

Schaefer, J. D., Cheng, T., Dunn, E. C.

doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(22)00362-5
JAMA Psychiatry · 2019

Association of childhood lead exposure with adult personality traits

Children with higher blood-lead levels tended to have slightly more mental-health problems and somewhat less adaptive adult personalities decades later, though the differences were small.

Reuben, A., Schaefer, J. D., Moffitt, T. E., et al.

doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.4192
Journal of Abnormal Psychology · 2017

Enduring mental health: Prevalence and prediction

In the Dunedin cohort followed to age 38, only about 17% never developed a mental disorder — suggesting lasting freedom from disorder is the exception, not the rule.

Schaefer, J. D., Caspi, A., Belsky, D. W., et al.

doi.org/10.1037/abn0000232

All peer-reviewed articles

2026

The lasting impact of youth bullying exposure on adult labor-market outcomes: An interdisciplinary review

Martinez, M., Hu, Q., Schaefer, J. D. · Developmental Review, 80, 101269

doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2026.101269
In press

Socioeconomic consequences of childhood ADHD: A longitudinal twin study

Mohan, A., Iacono, W. G., McGue, M., … Schaefer, J. D. · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

In press

Challenges with measuring emerging mental-health symptoms during the transition to adolescence (ABCD Study)

Martinez, M., Mittal, V. A., Haase, C. M., Schaefer, J. D., Damme, K. S. · JCPP Advances

In press

Distinct ERP biomarkers of broad versus specific dimensions of the HiTOP externalizing spectrum

Patrick, C. J., Ribes-Guardiola, P., … Schaefer, J., et al. · Clinical Psychological Science

2026

Predicting externalizing symptom trajectories in National Guard recruits: The role of adverse childhood experiences

Sloan, A. F., Bron, T., Marquardt, C. A., … Schaefer, J. D. · Journal of Traumatic Stress, 39, 282-294

doi.org/10.1002/jts.70037
2026

A case for change in policy: Leveraging psychological science to promote more conversations about ethnicity-race in school contexts

Del Toro, J., Luciana, M., Schaefer, J. D., Wilson, S., Lee, R. M. · American Psychologist, 81, 344-359

doi.org/10.1037/amp0001558
2025

Associations between cannabis use and suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A clinical longitudinal sibling study

Stern, E. F., Ellingson, J. M., Schaefer, J. D., et al. · Addictive Behaviors Reports, 22, 100620

doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2025.100620
2024

Can a warm, supportive adult protect against mental-health problems among children with experience of adversity? A twin-difference study

Stock, S. E., Lacey, R. E., Arseneault, L., … Schaefer, J. D., Baldwin, J. R. · Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 66(5), 650–658

doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14070
2024

Clarifying the place of P300 in the empirical structure of psychopathology over development

Perkins, E. R., Harper, J., Schaefer, J. D., et al. · Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science, 133(8), 733–744

doi.org/10.1037/abn0000937
2024

Limited psychological and social effects of lifetime cannabis use frequency

Zellers, S., Alexander, J., Ellingson, J. M., et al. · Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science, 133(1), 115–128

doi.org/10.1037/abn0000867
2023

Adaptation in young military recruits: Protocol for the ARMOR prospective longitudinal study

Polusny, M. A., Marquardt, C. A., Hubbling, M., … Schaefer, J. D., et al. · JMIR Research Protocols, 12(1), e51235

doi.org/10.2196/51235
2023

Pubertal timing and adolescent outcomes: Investigating explanations

Padrutt, E. R., Harper, J., Schaefer, J. D., et al. · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 64(8), 1232–1241

doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13808
2023

The effects of adolescent cannabis use on psychosocial functioning

Schaefer, J. D., Nelson, K., Wilson, S. · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 32(6), 43–55

doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2022.06.003
2022

Sensitive periods in development and risk for psychiatric disorders

Schaefer, J. D., Cheng, T., Dunn, E. C. · The Lancet Psychiatry, 9(12), 978–991

doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(22)00362-5
2022

Alcohol and nicotine polygenic scores associated with development

Deak, J., Clark, D., Liu, M., et al. · Addiction, 117, 1117–1127

doi.org/10.1111/add.15697
2021

Parental educational attainment and frequency of marijuana use in youth

Assari, S. & Schaefer, J. D. · Journal of Educational and Cultural Studies, 5(6), 47–60

2021

Associations between polygenic risk of substance use and use disorder

Schaefer, J. D., Jang, S., Clark, D. A., et al. · Psychological Medicine, 1–11

doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721004116
2021

Advancing Research on Mechanisms of Resilience (ARMOR)

Polusny, M. A., Marquadt, C. A., Campbell, E. H., et al. · Research in Human Development, 18(3), 212–229

doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2021.1964898
2021

Polygenic scores for smoking and educational attainment

Hicks, B. M., Clark, D. A., Deak, J. D., et al. · PLOS ONE, 16(8), e0255348

doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255348
2021

Adolescent cannabis use and adult psychoticism

Schaefer, J. D., Jang, S., Vrieze, S., et al. · Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 130(7), 691–701

doi.org/10.1037/abn0000701
2021

Air pollution exposure in childhood and adolescence and psychopathology

Reuben, A., Arseneault, L., Beddows, A., et al. · JAMA Network Open, 4(4), e217508

doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.7508
2021

Associations between adolescent cannabis use and young-adult functioning in a national twin sample

Schaefer, J. D., Hamdi, N. R., Malone, S., et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(14), e2013180118

doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013180118
2021

Polygenic score for smoking associated with externalizing psychopathology

Hicks, B. M., Clark, D. A., Deak, J. D., et al. · Clinical Psychological Science, 9(6), 1205–1213

doi.org/10.1177/21677026211002117
2021

Enduring mental health: The high lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorder

Schaefer, J. D. · Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 60(8), 955–957

doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2021.01.004
2019

Difficulties with emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic mechanism

Weissman, D. G., Bitran, D., Miller, A. B., et al. · Development and Psychopathology, 31(3), 899–915

doi.org/10.1017/S0954579419000348
2019

Association of childhood lead exposure with adult personality traits

Reuben, A., Schaefer, J. D., Moffitt, T. E., et al. · JAMA Psychiatry, 76(4), 418–425

doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.4192
2018

Use of hierarchical measures of psychopathology to capture early deprivation

Schaefer, J. D. · JAMA Psychiatry, 75(11), 1101–1102

doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.2215
2018

Adolescent victimization and early-adult psychopathology

Schaefer, J. D., Moffitt, T. E., Arseneault, L., et al. · Clinical Psychological Science, 6(3), 352–371

doi.org/10.1177/2167702617741381
2018

Eleven telomere, epigenetic clock, and biomarker-composite quantifications

Belsky, D. W., Moffitt, T. E., Cohen, A. A., et al. · American Journal of Epidemiology, 187(6), 1220–1230

doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwx346
2017

Is low cognitive functioning a predictor or consequence of major depressive disorder?

Schaefer, J. D., Scult, M. A., Caspi, A., et al. · Development and Psychopathology, 1–15

doi.org/10.1017/S095457941700164X
2017

Enduring mental health: Prevalence and prediction

Schaefer, J. D., Caspi, A., Belsky, D. W., et al. · Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126(2), 212–224

doi.org/10.1037/abn0000232
2015

Quantification of biological aging in young adults

Belsky, D. W., Caspi, A., Houts, R., et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(30), E4104–E4110

doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1506264112
2015

Early-life intelligence predicts midlife biological age

Schaefer, J. D., Caspi, A., Belsky, D., et al. · The Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 1–8

doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbv035
2013

The global cognitive impairment in schizophrenia

Schaefer, J., Giangrande, E., Weinberger, D. R., Dickinson, D. · Schizophrenia Research, 150(1), 42–50

doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2013.07.009

Book chapters

2013

The multi-faceted 'global' cognitive impairment profile in schizophrenia

Dickinson, D., Schaefer, J., Weinberger, D. R. · In P. D. Harvey (Ed.), Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia. Cambridge University Press

Essays and public-facing writing are collected on the Media page.